正反解读非谓语动词.学案.docVIP

正反解读非谓语动词 非谓语动词是动词的一种形式,可在句子中充当谓语以外的其他成分.非谓语动词不受人称和数的限制 He likes music. He has nothing to do today. 非谓语动词在句中起n, adj., adv.的作用 动名词 (-ing) 现在分词 (-ing) 非谓语动词 分词 过去分词 ( -ed) 不定式 ( to do)注意： 1. 非谓语动词有时态和语态的变化 2. 否定形式： not + 非谓语动词 正面解读 一、动词不定式 1．动词不定式的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing / He seems to know this. It is important to read English every day. The bridge to be built next year is very long. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. His new novel is said to have been published. She happened to be writing a letter when I passed by. 了解不定式各种形式的时态和语态意义对正确理解和使用不定式起着很重要的作用。要结合不定式的句法功能一起掌握，灵活运用。 2．不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(作主语和表语) To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语作主语) You should continue to learn as long as you live. 要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语) She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚上经常有很多会要开。(不定式短语作定语) To /In order to do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具得用对。(不定式短语作目的状语) He got up early in order to/ so as to catch the first bus.(不定式短语作目的状语) I didnt expect you to arrive so early. 我没想到你来得那么早。(不定式短语作宾语补足语) 3．学习动词不定式应注意的几个问题 (1) 用不定式作宾语的。 下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect， hope， learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，prefer，decide，manage，arrange，determine，desire等。 下列动词后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，advise，discuss等。 He didn’t know what to do . (2) 理解和使用不定式作宾补。 ① see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，make，let，have 等的宾补用动词原形， 变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。 常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语＋ ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb. to do sth. 主语＋ think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine＋sb.＋to be/to have done sth. 主语＋ call on/depend on/wait for/ask for＋sb.＋to do sth. (3) 不定式作定语的特殊用法。 ①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，n