2013高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练系列5---实战阅读方法.doc

2013高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练系列5--实战阅读方法 1 巧用主题句并依据主题句确定短文的中心 最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章) 通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：(1) 概括性强：表述的意思比较概括。(2) 结构简单：句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。(3) 受它支撑：段落中其他的句子是用来解释、支撑或发展该句所表述的主题思想。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置情况有三种： 主题句在段首或篇首 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍，其后的句子则是论证性细节。一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文、科技文献等大都采用这种格式，即先总述，后分述的叙事方法。 例文1： All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears. 例文2：People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在段末或篇末 主题句也会出现在段尾，即作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论 - 段落的主题。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的归纳总结或者所得出的结论。因此，在阅读这种文章时，要注意表述细节的句子通常在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。 例文1：If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes. 例文2：Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 主题句在段落中间 当主