1967–1971年間香港非廣府話方言轉移到廣府話的經過.docVIP

从方言杂处到广府话为主： 1949 – 1971年间香港社会语言转型的初步探讨 摘要 今天的香港基本上是一个以广府话为主的单一方言社会。不过在1949-71年期间，香港曾经出现过多方言并存的局面。但是1949年后的政治, 社会语言和教育因素，驱使香港的几个主要方言群体在短短的二、三十年间, 差不多全面向广府话转移。 过去有研究对香港在1950年代初操广府话、围头话、渔民蜑家话、四邑话、潮州话、闽南话、客家话、上海话、国语和英语的人口作出估计。 这个研究以1961，1966和1971年香港政府人口调查所提供的资料，以及其它有关数据， 试图对这些估计进行核实和修订。结果显示除了广府话以外，各个方言族群都有放弃自己母语的趋势，而且这在第0代移民身上便开始。但我们同时也发现，各个族群放弃母语的速度并不相同。在1961年之前方言流失得最严重的是四邑话、潮州话和闽南话，1961-70年期间流失得最严重的是四邑话、上海话、客家话。而同期间闽南话的流失速度却减慢了。总结整个时期，四邑话的流失量高达93.7%，相反是国语人口几乎保持不变。我们会继续研究导致族群间保留母语能力有所不同的原因。 关键词：多方言现象、语言转移、广府话、香港社会 From a multi-dialectal to a Cantonese-dominant society: A preliminary study of Language Shift in Hong Kong during 1949 – 1971 Abstract To date, Hong Kong may be characterised as a monolingual society with Cantonese as the dominant language in terms of its number of speakers. However, there is evidence indicating this dominance is a result of a large-scale language shift that took place post-1949. From 1949 up to 1971 Hong Kong was essentially a multi-dialectal society with the presence of a relatively large number of non-Cantonese speakers of Chinese dialects. It appears the great majority of them switched to Cantonese as a result of post-1949 political, sociolinguistic and educational factors. Based on data provided by the censuses of 1961, 1966 and 1971, this study attemtps to derive a more precise estimation of the scale of this shift to Cantonese during 1940-1971 among speakers of Weitou-hua, Danjia-hua, Siyi-hua, Chaozhou-hua, Minnan-hua, Hakka-hua, Shanghaiese and Mandarin. The findings indicate that tentancy to shift to Cantonese is in evidence in all groups, including members of generation zero. However the findings also indicate that the rate of shift and the ability of mother tongue retention differ among the groups: before 1961, the fastest rate of shift was registered by the groups of Siyi, Chaozhou and Minnan. In the following decade the fastest rate of shift was registered by the groups of Siyi, Shanghai and Hakka. Whereas the rate of