核外遗传打印稿.pptxVIP

Organelle heredity（细胞器遗传） Infectious heredity（感染型遗传） Maternal effect（母性影响） 第八章 核外遗传  Extranuclear Inheritance 第一节 细胞器遗传 Organelle heredityCytoplasmic inheritance（细胞质遗传） 一、叶绿体遗传(chloroplast heredity) 1. Variegation（花斑） in Four O’clock Plant 2. Drug resistance in Chlamydomonas 衣藻抗性的遗传 15N mt+ × 14N mt－ ↓　 Zygote（chloroplast DNA is 15N） 14N mt+ × 15N mt－ ↓ Zygote（chloroplast DNA is 14N） The chloroplast DNA of the mt－ parent is lost after mating The shape of most cpDNAs is a circle cpDNAs range in size from 120 to 217kb, most are between 120 and 160 kb long cpDNAs present in many copies per cell Genes are closely packed Genes contain intron 3. The genome of chloroplast 叶绿体基因组 二、线粒体遗传(Mitochondrial heredity) 1. The poky mutation in Neurospora 链孢霉缓慢生长突变型（poky） 2. Petite in Saccharomyces（酿酒酵母） Segregational petites 分离型小菌落 results from nuclear gene mutation Neutral petites 中性型小菌落 lost nearly complete mtDNA Suppressive petites 抑制型小菌落 Hypotheses for suppressive petite ◇Mutant mtDNA replicates more rapidly, thus dominate by numbers 　◇Recombination occurs between the mutant and the wildtype mtDNA, and disrupts the normal mtDNA mtDNAs of most species are circular The size of mtDNA differs greatly among organisms With only rare exceptions, no introns present in mitochondrial genes and gene repetitions are few or none Expression of mitochondrial genes uses several modifications of genetic code. MtDNA encodes some of the proteins that constitute the oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化 system and encodes tRNAs, rRNAs, and some proteins used in mitochondrial protein synthesis 3. Mitochondrial genome 线粒体基因组 4. Mutations in mtDNA cause human diseases Criteria for mitochondrial disease: ◇Maternal inheritance ◇Deficiency in bioenergetic function ◇Mutation of mitochondrial gene Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fiber disease，MERRF 肌阵挛性癫痫与破损性红肌纤维病 T