英语语法精讲虚拟语气讲义.ppt

* * * * * * * * 虚拟语气The Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 虚拟语气在名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)中的用法 虚拟语气在其他情况中的应用 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 条件从句中的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 If I (you,he,she,we,they)+动词过去式 should/would/could/ might+动词原形 表示过去情况 If I (you,he,she,we,they)+ had+过去分词 should/would/could/ might+have+动词原形 表示将来情况 If I (you,he,she,we,they)+动词过去式 If I (you,he,she,we,they)+ should+动词原形 If I (you,he,she,we,they)+ were to+动词原形 should/would/could/ might+动词原形 e.g. 1. If there were no air, the sky would be black. 2. If we had had enough money, we would have bought it. 3. If you should fall, you would be injured. 4. If I got the news, I would let you know. 省略if的虚拟条件句 在虚拟条件句中,如谓语包含were,was,had,should等词,则把这些词放在主句前面省略if.如: Were you not here, none of us would come. If you were not here, none of us would come. Should she come here, we would discuss this matter with her. If she should come here, we would discuss this matter with her. 混合(时间错综)型虚拟条件句 通常虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词指时间是一致的,但有时也可指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy. 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他形式表示,常用的词和短语:without,but for,butthat,otherwise,or,but等. 1)but for, without, under, with 等介词引导的虚拟语气. * Without your help(=If we had not had your help),we could not have succeeded. *But for your help, I should have been drowned. With better equipment, we could have done it better. 2) otherwise, but, or 引导的虚拟语气. *I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so. *He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party. 3) But that意为”要不是”, 也可用来引导虚拟语气 But that he had no money at the time, he would have come to help us. 4) 分词短语和不定式短语也可引导隐含的虚拟条件句. You would have laughed to see him jump aside. 5)在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来,谓语动词用should/would be和should/would have been的虚拟形式. You should have come earlier. 虚拟语气与祈使语气的混合使用