英语写作Ⅱsummarywriting.pptVIP

Section Two Objectives After Studying the unit, the students should be able to: Write a summary Summary Writing Ⅰ. Definition A summary is a brief restatement of essential thought of a longer composition. brief: ★ a summary can’t cover everything and must be shorter than original writing; ★ usually it includes the thesis and the main supporting points. restatement: ★ it reproduces faithfully the theme of the original in our own words; ★ one should not interpret or comment; ★ All one has to do is to give the gist of the author’s exact and essential meaning. Essential: ★ it gives the main information about a piece of writing or speech; ★usually it includes the thesis and the main supporting points. Ⅱ Characteristics of a Summary Length A summary should usually be about one-fourth to one-third as long as the original passage. ★You may use fewer words than the number prescribed, but in no case may you exceed the limit. Point of View Use the third person point of view Tone : objective and impersonal Don’t express our own ideas, but faithfully represents the ideas of the original writing. Cover all the main information Your reader need no reference to the original to understand what its main ideas are. 5. Follow the logical order of the original passage, if possible (and desirable). Ideas and facts need not be rearranged. Use complete sentences 7. Use our own words Use different words with the original one. Don’t copy the language. Use quotation if you cite some important words of the original article 9. Use present tense to report the general ideas and use past tense to refer to past experiences. Summary writing is an exercise in compression. In writing a summary, we should: --- omit the details. --- reduce the examples. --- simplify the descriptions. --- eliminate all repetitions. (continuing) --- compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words. e.g. His courage in battle might without exaggeration