高二语法之构词法.docVIP

现在分词／过去分词／不定式做状语详讲及分析 一．现在分词做状语（表原因，时间，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况，现在分词与主句的主语一致，且形成主谓关系．　就是说现在分词的动作发出者是主句的主语． 例如： ① Hearing the news , they got excited. When they heard the news,they got the news 现在分词 　 逻辑主语. 从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系 ②she got home, feeling very tird. 逻辑主语　　　现在分词 　主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系 ③Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. 注： 当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行．除了省略其连接词because, if , once, when ,从句中的主语，还要省略其be 动词． ④When he was climbing the step, he heard terrible voice. Climbing the step, he heard terrible voice ⑤Because he is a child, he can’t enter into the interbar. Being a child, he can’t enter into the interbar 当从句中出现主＋n/adj, 且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，用be 动词的现在分词形式．即　Being +n/adj. Being excited, he speaks incoherently. Because he is excited, he speaks incoherentyly. 注意：当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，那么从句现在分词是独立的主格结构。从句中的主语不能省略。 ⑥Wheather permitting, we’ll go camping. If wheather permits, we’ll go caming. 主语 现在分词主语 主语不一致 形成主谓关系 从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系。因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语 ⑦He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her. ⑧ I feel very excited, this being the first time to won the first. I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first.. 3）有些现在分词做状语是固定结构，要记住，如jugging from/by, gernerally speaking, turning to ① Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner. ②Generally speaking , his answer is right. ③Turning to the left, he saw a bus passing. 二 过去分词 1）过去分词做状语（表原因，让步，时间，结果。。。。） 过去分词与主句的主语的关系是动宾关系，即过去分词与主句主语是被动关系。 The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students Teacher 与followed 形成被动关系 句意为老师进入教室，后面跟了一些学生。 ② The teacher came into classroom, following the students.