三大从句语法.doc

从句可分为三类:即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从(即状语从句)。引导从句的词称作关联句。 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括：从属连词：that, if, whether连接代词：who, whoever whom, whomever ,which ,whichever ,what ,whatever ,whose 连接副词where, when, why, how。其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. 不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won. 比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear. The fact is that he didnt go to the dinner party. I dont know if he will attend the meeting. 1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明显…… . It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…从所周知……It has been decided that… 已决定…… . It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that… 事实是…… . It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 2. , that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I dont know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is v