九年级英语第3单元-grammer讲述.ppt

英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态 A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。 B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。 (把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。) 被动语态的谓语构成:　助动词be＋动词过去分词 (根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be有am, is, are, was, were, been几个形式变化。) 什么时候要用被动语态呢？ 在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： ①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 ②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 ③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。 请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换： 主动语态:主语＋谓语＋宾语 被动语态: 例： We clean our classroom every day. （主动） 　　 　　 [注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一般现在时。 　　　②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。 归纳总结方法 　 把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ”来进 行。即： ①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动 语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 　　②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 　　③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：①Many people speak English. English by many people. ②He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday. 把下列主动句改为被动句 ①Lily writes many letters every day. (主动) ②They visited this farm last year.（主动） ③We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主动） 在被动语态中要注意的问题 　　在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面 我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。 　　①一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要 补上to。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. [注意]当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如： 　　 I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 Homework 把下列句子改为被动语态 1. We plant many trees