课件-血管血液心脏医学课件.ppt

Section 3 Physiology of the Blood Vessels Ⅰ. Functional Anatomy of Blood vessels   （各类血管的结构功能特点） 1.Windkessel vessel(弹性贮器血管) 2.Distribution vessel(分配血管) 3.Resistance vessel(阻力血管) 4.Exchange vessel（交换血管） 5.Capacitance vessel （容量血管） 6. Shunt vessel (短路血管) 1.Windkessel vessel (弹性贮器血管) aorta large arteries; rich of elastic fibers; elasticity extensible; 指主动脉、肺动脉主干及其发出的大的分支。 function: to store energy maintain diastolic BP; to keep continuity of diastolic now; to buffer variation of BP。 2. distribution vessel 3.Resistance vessel (阻力血管) small artery arteriole; rich of smooth muscles sympathetic innervations; function: formation of BP; to produce control resistance; the role in blood distribution venules. 4.Exchange vessel(交换血管〉 Capillary; pores clefts; slow flow; large section; function: formation of interstitial fluid. 5.Capacitance vessel （容量血管） venous system; large volume and extensibility; sympathetic nerve; function: to store blood to regulate venous return. The walls of the venules are also thin and easily distended. The walls of veins are thin, but it’s lumen are larger. Further, the great distensibility of veins makes their capacity adjustable. In times of need, a considerable amount of blood can be squeezed from the veins to areas where it may be be needed.  6. Shunt vessel Arteriovenous Anastomoses Function: Regulates the body temperature Ⅱ.Hemodynamics (血流动力学) 1.BIood FIow (血流量,容积速度 Q) Concept: It is a quantity of bled that passes a given cross section of blood vessel per minute. 单位时间内流过血管某一截面的血量。 Poseuilles Law (泊肃叶定律) Q=π(P1-P2)r4/8ηL The overall blood flow in the systemic circulation is identical to the cardiac output   Re=ρVD/? Re2000 Laminar