状语从句精讲讲义.doc

状语从句一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely...when, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。 . when, while, as引导时间状语从句 1) when的用法 ①when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。 I was thin when I was a child. 当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。 It was raining when I arrived. 我到达时，天正在下雨。 ②在when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语相同或为it，且从句有be动词，则从句可省主语和be动词，如： When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man. 当你有麻烦时，可以找这个人。 She is always listening to music when（she is) doing her homework. 当她做作业时，总是听音乐。 ③when在下列结构中, 译成“这时”be about to do ... when=be on the point of doing ... when…正要做某事这时… be doing ... when…正在做某事这时… had done…when…刚做完某事这时… 2）while用法 while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于during the time that.... My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。 I am safe while I am here. 我在这儿的时候，我很安全。 注意 while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然···但”讲。 I like watching TV, while he likes reading. 我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。 While he has his own car, he often uses mine. 尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。 3) as的用法 ① as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。 As I left the house, I forgot the key. 我离家时，忘了带钥匙。 ② as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着...”的意思，表时间的推移。如： As I get older, I get more optimistic. 随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。 ③as表“一边…一边…”，引出伴随动作。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。 ④用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。 As he was going out, it began to rain. 当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。 ⑤as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。 As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at math. 当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。 .表示“一···就···”的句型 1) as soon as/once As soon as he arrives, Ill call you.他一到，我就给你打电话。（as soon as 侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表示“一旦...”） 2) on doing sth/on ones + n.作时间状语 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。 On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱