division 3.pptVIP

Division Three The Middle Ages Outline I. General Introduction II. Feudalism and Church III. Literature IV. Art and Architecture I General Introduction In 476 A.D., the last Emperor of Rome was done away with by one of the Germanic(日尔曼） tribe, so West Rome was completely over. In European history, the thousand -year period（ 476 A.D.—1453 A.D. ) from the fall of western Rome to Renaissance is called the Middle Ages. It is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. The Middle Ages is also called “Dark Ages”, because after Uncivilized Germanics conquered the Rome, they made both people’s living standard and spiritual standard drop to a very low point. That’s a kind of “countermarch of civilization”.文明的倒退 从公元476年西罗马的灭亡到15世纪中世纪结束（大约1000年），被称为“中世纪”。长期以来“中世纪”在许多人眼中是“黑暗”的代名词。的确，相对于希腊-罗马式的文明和文化而言，中世纪的社会是一种退步，无论是社会的物质文化水平，还是人们的精神生活水平都下降到了及其低下的水平，文明出现了倒退。 其次，基督教会在中世纪的统治地位使得自希腊文明以来形成的理性思想遭到扼杀，人们的精神生活为宗教思想所笼罩，宗教所具有的阴暗面和对人的 思想的束缚使社会进步缓慢。在这个意义上中世纪的确是西方文明的一种“倒退”。 The Middle Ages is also called the “ Age of Faith” (1)During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church. It continued to gain widespread power and influence (2) In the late Middle Ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of the church. (3)Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art and learning for hundred years. It shaped people’s lives , That is why the Middle Ages is also called “ Age of Faith”. The Germanic Invasions The Germanic peoples came from Scandinavia in Northern Europe. The Romans called Germans them Barbarians.(野蛮人） The barbarians invasions divided the huge Roman Empire into many kingdoms. The visigoths invaded Spain about 416 A.D. The Angles, Jutes, Saxons began to settle in Britain about 450. The Franks established a kingdom in Gaul(now France) in the 480. The barbarians were loyal only to their tribal chiefs or to t