学案动词不定式.docVIP

学案3 动词不定式 制作人 马宇 2011 3.2—3.3 动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。 一、作主语 动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如： To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society. 也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如： It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language. 动词不定式作主语的常用句型有： 1. It is＋adj./ n. (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth. 用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如： It is interesting to play this game. It is necessary for you to change your job. It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time. 考例1：Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET) A. now B. man C. that D. it 用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如： What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 2. It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如： How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue! It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！ 3. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如： It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作表语 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is…及The next step/ measure is …等。例如： Your job is to type the papers in the office. The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted. 三、作宾语 常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。 例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities. She offered to help me when I was in trouble. believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如： I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long