学生版非谓语动词.docVIP

非谓语动词 不定式 （原形动词前加to, 构成动词不定式。不定式不做谓语，属于非谓语动词） 不定式的时态，语态 时 态 构 成 一 般 式 to do 完 成 式 to have done 进 行 式 to be doing 一般式：不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。 Eg :They often watch us play football. (同时) She hopes to go there again. (之后发生) 完成式：不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。 Eg : I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday 注：1）用在intended, expected, meant, hoped. promised, wanted, planned. wished. thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或计划的等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态。 Eg: He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport,but he didn’t get there in time. 他原想去机场接你（事情已经发生），但他没及时赶到那儿。（没接成） We planned to have done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month. 我们原计划上个月为贫困的人们作些好事。（没作成）。 2）用在seem. appear. think . consider. believe. 等后，表示一个动作先于另一发生 The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese. 相信这本小说已被翻译成汉语 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting .对不起让你久等了。 3） 在should (would) like, would love 等后，表示没有实现的愿望。 I should like to have seen her face when she read the letter. 进行式：1）当谓语动词的动作或状态发生时，不定式动词所表示动作正在进行时，用进行时。Eg: They seemed to be talking about you. He pretended to be sleeping. 2）不定式的进行式表示将来。 He is believed to be coming 3)不定式的进行式表示逐渐地变化 The weather seems to be improving 不定式的被动语态 被 动 语 态 构 成 一 般 式 to be done 完 成 式 to have been done ▲在下列情况下要用被动语态 当句子的主语是这个不定式所表示动作的承受者。 Eg: She is glad to be taken to the Great Wall. This book is said to be put into English. 当不定式所修饰的名词是此不定式的逻辑宾语且句中又没有它的逻辑主语时。 Eg: He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，且不定式本身又带有一个宾语时， Eg: She is too nervous to be told such a bad news. I’m glad to be given a gold ring. 当句子的主语和表语指同一人或物，不定式修饰这个表语名词时，且与这个名词有动宾关系时。 Eg: He is a man to be trusted 不定式做宾语，且与所修饰的名词有动宾关系时。 Eg: The plan to be made is a five-year plan. 不定式的主动语态表示被动含义。 当不定式与最近的名词（代词）有动宾关系，且与句中另一个名词（代词）有主谓关系。 He has nothing to eat I’ll give you a book to read