The (Cross-National) Comparative Method-Mauro F. Guillén-Wharton School of upen.pptVIP

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2017-03-25 发布于江苏
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The (Cross-National) Comparative Method-Mauro F. Guillén-Wharton School of upen.ppt

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The (Cross-National) Comparative Method-Mauro F. Guillén-Wharton School of upen

Mauro F. Guillén, The Wharton School The (Cross-National) Comparative Method Mauro F. Guillén Comparing Knowing “Those who know only one country, know no country.” —Seymour Martin Lipset, American Exceptionalism (1996:17). Goals of Comparisons Apply a general model to explain empirical instances. Use concepts to develop a meaningful empirical interpretation (interpretive method). Analyze causal regularities. Identify continuities and discontinuities. Nota bene: Importance attached to understanding historical processes and to establishing cause-effect relationships as they unfold over time. Types of Comparisons Cross-national. Single-country: Regions (e.g. Saxenian, Regional Advantage: Silicon Valley vs. Route 128). Industries (Westney, Imitation Innovation: police, postal system, newspapers). Organizations (Geertz, Peddlers Princes: bazaars, stores, cooperatives, concerns). Diachronic vs. synchronic. Multiplicity of forms vs. share of all instances. Case Selection Random assignment? Purposive (or theory-driven): Most-significant case(s) design. Most-similar cases that diverge. Variation finding. Standardized case comparison: Based on a stratified set of relevant independent variables (e.g. technology, size, culture, etc.). Collection of a broad range of data through systematic procedures. Strike a balance between in-depth analysis and systematic comparison. John Walton, “Standardized Case Comparison.” Pp. 173-191 in Comparative Social Research, edited by Michael Armer and Allen D. Grimshaw (New York: John Wiley Sons, 1973). Convenience: Access. Language proficiency. Basic Analytical Idea J. S. Mill’s (1843) methods of experimental inquiry: Method of difference: A+B+C = X. A+B = not X. Therefore: A and B are necessary but not sufficient, while C is necessary sufficient. Method of agreement: A+B = X. A+C+D = X. Therefore: A is necessary but not sufficient. Three Classic Designs Models of Management The Limits of Convergence The Rise of Modernist Ar