AP Ch 19 Electrochemistry.pptVIP

Electron Transfer Reactions Electron transfer reactions are oxidation-reduction or redox reactions. Results in the generation of an electric current (electricity) or be caused by imposing an electric current. Therefore, this field of chemistry is often called ELECTROCHEMISTRY. Terminology for Redox Reactions OXIDATION—loss of electron(s) by a species; increase in oxidation number; increase in oxygen. REDUCTION—gain of electron(s); decrease in oxidation number; decrease in oxygen; increase in hydrogen. OXIDIZING AGENT—electron acceptor; species is reduced. (an agent facilitates something; ex. Travel agents don’t travel, they facilitate travel) REDUCING AGENT—electron donor; species is oxidized. You can’t have one… without the other! Reduction (gaining electrons) can’t happen without an oxidation to provide the electrons. You can’t have 2 oxidations or 2 reductions in the same equation. Reduction has to occur at the cost of oxidation Another way to remember OIL RIG Review of Oxidation numbers CHEMICAL CHANGE ---ELECTRIC CURRENT To obtain a useful current, we separate the oxidizing and reducing agents so that electron transfer occurs thru an external wire. Official AP Reduction Table Copyright College Board Charging a Battery * Electrochemistry Chapter 19 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2MgO (s) 2Mg 2Mg2+ + 4e- O2 + 4e- 2O2- Oxidation half-reaction (lose e-) Reduction half-reaction (gain e-) 19.1 Electrochemical processes are oxidation-reduction reactions in which: the energy released by a spontaneous reaction is converted to electricity or electrical energy is used to cause a nonspontaneous reaction to occur 0 0 2+ 2- LEO the lion says GER! ose lectrons xidation ain lectrons eduction GER! xidation s ose eduction s ain The charge the atom would have in a molecule (or an ionic compound) if electrons were completely transferred. Free elements (uncombined state) have an oxidation number of zero. Na, Be, K, Pb, H2, O2, P4 = 0 In monatomic ions, the oxid