Giancoli--Ch. 12 Sound MODIFIED.pptVIP

The Doppler Effect We find: The Doppler Effect Combining results gives us the case where both observer and source are moving: The Doppler effect has many practical applications: weather radar, speed radar, medical diagnostics, astronomical measurements. The Doppler Effect At left, a Doppler radar shows the hook echo characteristic of tornado formation. At right, a medical technician is using a Doppler blood flow meter. 12-8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom If a source is moving faster than the wave speed in a medium, waves cannot keep up and a shock wave is formed. The angle of the cone is: 12-8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom Shock waves are analogous to the bow waves produced by a boat going faster than the wave speed in water. 12-8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom Aircraft exceeding the speed of sound in air will produce two sonic booms, one from the front and one from the tail. 12-9 Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging SONAR (SOund Navigation and Ranging) is used to locate objects underwater by measuring the time it takes a sound pulse to reflect back to the receiver. Similar techniques can be used to learn about the internal structure of the Earth. Sonar usually uses ultrasound waves, as the shorter wavelengths are less likely to be diffracted by obstacles. 12-9 Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging Ultrasound is also used for medical imaging. Repeated traces are made as the transducer is moved, and a complete picture is built. 12-9 Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging Ordinary ultrasound gives a good picture; high-resolution ultrasound is excellent. Summary of Chapter 12 Sound is a longitudinal wave in a medium. The pitch of the sound depends on the frequency. The loudness of the sound depends on the intensity and also on the sensitivity of the ear. The strings on stringed instruments produce a fundamental tone whose wavelength is twice the length of the string; there are also various harmonics present. Summary of