考研 2 speech_sounds.ppt

讲义二 Speech Sounds Grace Tan T/F 1.the word HOUR contains a diphthong and a pure vowel. 2.The sound /p/ in the word “expressive” is pronounced as a voiceless consonant. 3.Broad transcription represents phonemes of a lg whereas narrow transcription denotes its particular allophones. 4./O/ is a mid-high back rounded vowel. 5.The voiced dental fricative is /z/. 6.Allophones are described in phonetic terms. 7./n/ is one of syllabic consonants. 8.The word film contains a syllabic consonant. 9./?/, schwa中性元音、弱读, is a diphthong. 10.The hard roof of mouth is called hard palate. 11.A phoneme in one lg or one dialect may be an allophone in another lg or dialect. 12.In the sound writing system, the reference of the grapheme字母 is the phoneme. The study of speech sounds Phonetics --- is the science which studies the characteristics of human sound-making, especially those sounds used in speech, and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. What is “ghoti”? Imagine you see a dish of ghoti in the English menu of a restaurant. Perhaps the menu-maker sometimes has trouble with English spelling. But what is ‘ghoti’?英语发音的不规则性 Try this: cough women nation So ‘ghoti’ is ______[fi∫] Ghoti is popularly attributed to George Bernard Shaw, one of the most eminent proponents of English spelling reform. Hints on Pronunciation for Foreigners By T. S. W. I take it you already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough?Others may stumble, but not you,On hiccough, thorough, lough and through?Well done! And now you wish, perhaps, To learn of less familiar traps? Beware of heard, a dreadful wordThat looks like beard and sounds like bird,And dead: it’s said like bed, not bead –For goodness sake don’t call it “deed”!Watch out for meat and great and threat(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt). 2.4. Phonological processes, phonological rules and distinctive features 2.4.1 Assimilation Nasalization, de