输油管道停输再启动过程数值预测.docVIP

摘 要 我国所产的原油中大部分为易凝高粘原油，此类原油需采用加热工艺方能正常输送。输油管线不可能一直处于稳态运行，由于设备计划内的检修或一些突发事故等原因可能导致管线停输。如+，油温大幅下降导致原油凝结，给再启动带来困难。因此，预测高粘原油管线停输再启动过程中的温度分布对管道的安全运行具有重要意义。 本文在对模型简化的基础上，计算停输再启动过程中的沿线温度分布。同时研究一些参数对油温和流速的影响。重点研究再启动过程中沿程温度分布与流速的恢复，得出合理的结果并加以讨论。 关键词：停输再启动；高粘原油；数值模拟 Abstract Western oil transferring pipeline is another large-scale pipeline project after west-east gas transferring pipeline that our country implemented the west development. The oil that western oil transferring pipeline have are Tuha mixture oil and north Xinjiang mixture oil and so on. They are high wax contented oil. The solidifying point is higher than the terrestrial temperature in winter and the fluidity in low temperature is very bad. So as to achieve the pipeline moving safety and economy, we have to deal with the oil. This essay is researched that add to solidifying point reducer to improve their fluidity. Because of the long distance, the fluidity that be improved by add to the reducer is exasperated by water cuts and repeat heating. So this essay is mainly throwing theory analyze and experiment, imitate the crossing pump water cuts and transferring water cuts action that influence the added medicament oil’s solidifying point. For the forecasting that the added medicament oil fluidity well, drawing up reasonable pipeline moving plan. Key words:solidifying point reducer; water cuts; solidifying point viscosity viscosity 目 录 第1章 绪论 6 1.1 研究停输温降的目的和意义 6 1.2 埋地热油管道停输的研究现状 7 1.3 停输再启动模型建立的基础 10 1.4 停输再启动模型的简化 11 1.5 论文工作预期成果 11 第2章 计算所需相关参数的选取 13 2.1 油品密度 13 2.2 油品比热容 13 2.3 油品粘度 15 2.4 流变行为指数 16 2.5 导热系数 16 2.6 稠度系数 16 2.7 水力摩阻系数 17 第3章 稳态运行的沿程温降计算 18 3.1 稳态运行过程概述 18 3.2 影响热油管道散热的因素 18 3.3 热油管道总传热系数的计算 19 3.4 沿程温降计算 22 3.5 流态判断与水力摩阻系数计算 23 3.6 沿程摩阻计算 24 3.7 模型简化假设 25 3.8 程序的编制与计算的实现 25 3.9 算例与结果分析 25 3.10 本章小结 31 第4章 埋地热油管道的停输温降过程研究 32 4.1 含蜡原油在埋地管道中的停输温降过程 32 4.2 停输温降的影响因素 33 4.3 停输温降模型初始条件的设置 33 4.4 模型简化假设 33 4.5 停输温降的计算 34 4.6 算例 35 4.7 结果分析 37 4.8 本章小结 38 第5章 埋地热油管道再启动过程的研究 39 5.1 低