A--QuantumPhysics.ppt

Quantum Physics Energy of a photon Photoelectric emission of electrons Wave-particle duality Energy levels in atoms Line spectra Electromagnetic Wave Energy of a Photon A tiny packet of light energy, called a photon The photon’s energy would be h is Plank constant, h=6.63×10-34Js. Energy of a Photon Energy of a Photon Photoelectric Emission of Electrons When light is incident on certain metallic surfaces, electrons are emitted from the surface This is called the photoelectric effect The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons Demonstration of the Photoelectric Effect The effect was first discovered by Hertz The successful explanation of the effect was given by Einstein in 1905 Received Nobel Prize in 1921 for paper on electromagnetic radiation, of which the photoelectric effect was a part When light strikes E (cathode), photoelectrons are emitted Electrons collected at C (anode) and passing through the ammeter are a current in the circuit C is maintained at a positive potential by the power supply Photoelectric Current/Voltage Graph The current increases with intensity, but reaches a saturation level for large ΔV No current flows for voltages less than or equal to –ΔVs, the stopping potential The stopping potential is independent of the radiation intensity Features Not Explained by Classical Physics/Wave Theory No electrons are emitted if the incident light frequency is below some cutoff frequency that is characteristic of the material being illuminated. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is independent of the light intensity. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons increases with increasing light frequency. Electrons are emitted from the surface almost instantaneously, even at low intensities. Einstein’s Explanation A tiny packet of light energy, called a photon, The photon’s energy would be E = h? Each photon can give all its energy to an electron in the metal The maximum kinetic energy of the liberated photoelect