C+Foundations+of+scalar+diffraction+the.ppt

CHAPTER 3 Foundations of Scalar Diffraction Theory Review of physical optics Introduction of Fourier analysis in diffraction study Review of physical optics_1 Model of scalar diffraction Review of physical optics_2 Unified form of scalar diffraction Review of physical optics_3 The aperture is illuminated by an infinitely distant point source producing normally incident plane wave Review of physical optics_4 Comparison of three types of diffraction Kirchhoff solution is the arithmetic average of the two Rayleigh-sommerfeld solutions Kirchhoff solution and the two Rayleigh-Sommerfeld solutions to be essentially the same provided the aperture diameter is much greater than a wavelength The introduction of Fourier analysis Diffraction can be formulated equally by Electronagnetic theory (Frenel-Kirchhoff, Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction) and Fourier analysis The complex field distribution of a light wave can be analyzed into Fourier components across any plane The various spatial Fourier components can be identified as plane waves traveling in different directions away from that plane Fourier analysis of light field Across the z = 0 plane, the function U has a two-dimensional Fourier transform given by Plane wave A plane wave propagates with wave vector , where has direction cosines (?,?,?) Complex phasor amplitude of the plane wave The coordinates of observation point are Simple form of complex amplitude Introduction of spatial frequency fx and fy Angular spectrum of U(x,y,0) Angular spectrum of U(x,y,0) Angular spectrum of U(x,y,z) If the relation between A(?/?,?/?,z) and A(?/?,?/?,0) can be found, then the effects of wave propagation on the angular spectrum of the disturbance will be evident Characteristics of U(x,y,z) U (x,y,z) can be written Solution of Helmholtz equation A must satisfy the differential equation Another way to get the solution General form of a plane wave The impact of ? value When the direction cosines satisfy Evanescent waves When (?,