CAAChCLecture.ppt

Chapter 11 GASES “STP” = “Standard Temperature and Pressure”, which equals… The Combined Gas Law The Combined Gas Law Avogadro’s Law (or Principal) Avogadro’s Law (or Principal) * * Standard Temperature and Pressure, The Combined Gas Law, and Avogadro’s Principal (or Law) How do you know WHEN to use it? When there is a change in… …Temperature, Volume and Pressure! (the amount of gas is held constant) Use this equation when all three - P, V, T - are changing! It is called the Combined Gas Law because it is a combination of Boyles and Charles Law Combined Gas Law: P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 Boyle’s Law: P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 Charles’ Law: V1 = V2 T1 T2 Your Algebra I Knowledge is Important Here! You must learn to “isolate”(*) ANY variable in this equation… *(solve for any of the variables…) Example 1: Solve for “Y”… Step 1: cross-multiply (Z)(A)(B) = (C)(X)(Y) Step 2: divide both sides by (C)(X) (C)(X) (C)(X) Y = (Z)(A)(B) (C)(X) Example 2: Solve for “B”… Step 1: cross-multiply (Z)(A)(B) = (C)(X)(Y) Step 2: divide both sides by (Z)(A) (Z)(A) (Z)(A) B = (C)(X)(Y) (Z)(A) Example 3: Solve for “Z”… Step 1: cross-multiply (Z)(A)(B) = (C)(X)(Y) Step 2: divide both sides by (A)(B) (A)(B) (A)(B) Z = (C)(X)(Y) (A)(B) Now, use the Combined Gas Law, and solve for: V2 P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 Step 1: cross-multiply (T2)(P1)(V1) = (T1)(P2)(V2) Step 2: divide both sides by (T1)(P2) (T1)(P2) (T1)(P2) V2 = (T2)(P1)(V1) (T1)(P2) Now, use the Combined Gas Law, and solve for: T2 P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 Step 1: cross-multiply (T2)(P1)(V1) = (T1)(P2)(V2) Step 2: divide both sides by (P1)(V1) (P1)(V1) (P1)(V1) T2 = (T1)(P2)(V2) (P1)(V1) A problem using the combined gas law: When measured at 57oC, 120.0mL of a gas sample had a pressure of 2.50 atm. What would be the pressure of the gas in atm if the volume were lowered to 100.0mL, and t