计算机导论课件（北航）Chapter 11.pptxVIP

Chapter 11DatabasesChapter ContentsChapter 11: DatabasesSection A: File and Database ConceptsSection B: Data Management ToolsSection C: Database DesignSection D: SQLSection E: Database SecuritySection A: File and Database ConceptsChapter 11: DatabasesDatabase BasicsA database is a collection of informationTypically stored as computer filesThe tasks associated with creating, maintaining, and accessing the information in databases are referred to as data management, file management, or database managementChapter 11: DatabasesDatabase BasicsChapter 11: DatabasesDatabases can be used in a variety of waysCollect and store dataUpdate dataOrganize and output dataDistribute dataFind dataAnalyze dataDatabase BasicsChapter 11: DatabasesData mining refers to the process of analyzing existing database information to discover previously unknown and potentially useful information, including relationships and patternsData warehousePredictive analyticsDatabase BasicsChapter 11: DatabasesOLAP (online analytical processing) allows decision makers to quickly get answers to complex queriesExecutive dashboard softwareBig dataDatabase ModelsChapter 11: DatabasesAn unstructured file has a unique structure and contains different kinds of dataA structured file uses a uniform format to store dataThe underlying structure of a database is referred to as a database modelDatabase ModelsChapter 11: DatabasesThe simplest model for storing data is a flat file that consists of a single, two-dimensional table of data elementsDatabase ModelsChapter 11: DatabasesA field contains the smallest unit of meaningful informationEach field has a unique field nameVariable-length field vs. fixed-length fieldDatabase ModelsChapter 11: DatabasesA record is a collection of data fieldsThe template for a record is referred to as a record typeA record that contains data is referred to as a record occurrenceDatabase ModelsChapter 11: DatabasesA relationship is an association between data that is stored in different rec