Fluent-v-lect--turbulence.ppt

Modeling Turbulent Flows What is Turbulence? Unsteady, irregular (aperiodic) motion in which transported quantities (mass, momentum, scalar species) fluctuate in time and space Identifiable swirling patterns characterize turbulent eddies. Enhanced mixing (matter, momentum, energy, etc.) results Fluid properties and velocity exhibit random variations Statistical averaging results in accountable, turbulence related transport mechanisms. This characteristic allows for Turbulence Modeling. Contains a wide range of turbulent eddy sizes (scales spectrum). The size/velocity of large eddies is on the order of mean flow. Large eddies derive energy from the mean flow Energy is transferred from larger eddies to smaller eddies In the smallest eddies, turbulent energy is converted to internal energy by viscous dissipation. Is the Flow Turbulent? Two Examples of Turbulent Flow Overview of Computational Approaches Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) Theoretically all turbulent flows can be simulated by numerically solving the full Navier-Stokes equations. Resolves the whole spectrum of scales. No modeling is required. But the cost is too prohibitive! Not practical for industrial flows - DNS is not available in Fluent. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Solves the spatially averaged N-S equations. Large eddies are directly resolved, but eddies smaller than the mesh sizes are modeled. Less expensive than DNS, but the amount of computational resources and efforts are still too large for most practical applications. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Equations Models Solve ensemble-averaged Navier-Stokes equations All turbulence scales are modeled in RANS. The most widely used approach for calculating industrial flows. There is not yet a single turbulence model that can reliably predict all turbulent flows found in industrial applications with sufficient accuracy. Turbulence Scales and Prediction Methods Turbulence Models in Fluent Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Spectrum of turbulent eddi