R统计软件(画图).pptVIP

* * * * * Example: Create a simple surface f(x,y) = x^2 - y^2 nx - 21 ny - 21 x - seq(-1, 1, length = nx) y - seq(-1, 1, length = ny) z - outer(x, y, function(x,y) x^2 - y^2) persp(x, y, z, theta = 35) data(volcano) x - 10*1:nrow(volcano) y - 10*1:ncol(volcano) rx-range(x) ry-range(y) plot(x = 0, y = 0, type = n, xlim = rx, ylim = ry, xlab = , ylab = ) contour(x, y, volcano, add = TRUE,) title(A Topographic Map of Maunga Whau, font = 4) Contour(): Create a contour plot, or add contour lines to an existing plot 3 Dimension plot data(volcano) x - 10*(1:nrow(volcano)) y - 10*(1:ncol(volcano)) image(x, y, volcano, col = terrain.colors(100), axes = FALSE, xlab = , ylab = ) contour(x, y, volcano, levels = seq(90, 200, by=5), add = TRUE) axis(1, seq(100, 800, by = 100)) axis(2, seq(100, 600, by = 100)) title(main = Maunga Whau Volcano, font.main = 4) Image() and Contour(): R Graphics supplementary: Ploygon Polygon(): draws the polygons whose vertices are given in x and y x-seq(-6,6,length=200) fx-x^2 gx- x^2+10*sin(x) plot(0,0,type=n,xlim=c(min(x),max(x)),ylim=c(min(fx,gx),max(fx,gx)),xlab=,ylab=,main=polygon function) polygon( c(x,rev(x)), c(fx,rev(gx)), col = ’red’, border = 0 ) lines(x, fx, lwd = 3) lines(x, gx, lwd = 3) Exercise Try to use R to produce the following two figures Plot of Qualitative bivariate data (Several coloured curves )  matplot(): Plot Columns of Matrices data(HairEyeColor) a - apply(HairEyeColor, c(1,2) , sum) matplot(a, type = l, axes = FALSE, col = 1:dim(a)[2]+1, lty = 1:dim(a)[2], lwd=3, xlab = names(dimnames(a))[1], ylab = names(dimnames(a))[2] ) axis(1, 1:dim(a)[1], row.names(a)) axis(2) legend(1, max(a), row.names(t(a)),lwd = 3, cex = 1.5,col = 1:dim(a)[2]+1,lty = 1:dim(a)[2])} Arranging multiple plots: layout() layout(matrix(c(1, 2)), heights=c(2, 1)) The layout() allows the creation of multiple figure regions of unequal sizes. Figure Figure layout(matrix(c(1, 0, 2)),heights=c(2, lcm(0.5), 1)) library(MASS) data(Animal