Wireless Sensor Networks in Tsunami Detection.pptVIP

Wireless Sensor Networks in Tsunami Detection TCOM 510 Wireless Networking Soumya Sen, Prerit Gupta, Redwan Kabir Outline Tsunami Tsunami Detection System (TDS) Previous Underwater Sensor Networks Current Research on Tsunami Detection Acoustic Sensor Networks in TDS Conclusion Tsunami The Asian Tsunami of 2004 Tsunami Detection System Previous UW Sensor Networks Current Tsunami Warning Systems Buoy – Bottom Pressure Recorder System GPS in Tsunami Detection Satellite Network DART IISystem Communication Network Design Challenges for Acoustic Sensor Networks (ASN) Battery power is limited Available bandwidth is limited Undesired channel characteristics, delay variance. High bit error rates, attenuation, noise Underwater sensors are prone to failure because of fouling, corrosion etc. ASN Architecture B/W Ranges of UWA channels Design issues: Physical layer ASK- attenuation! PSK- coherent detection! (difficult PLL) - Differential PSK (solves the coherent detection problem partially, but error probability is higher) FSK- non-coherent energy detection based (guard bands needed) OFDM- good one (use bit loading) Modern technology can use QAM PSK with feedback channels (Decision Feedback equalizers) Data Link Layer FDMA not very suitable due to narrow b/w and vulnerability of limited band systems to fading and multipath. TDMA has limited b/w efficiency because of long time guards, synchronization issue. CSMA can prevent collisions at Tx side, but not on receiver side, inefficient protocol. RTS/CTS-impractical (large delays, synchronization issue) CDMA –at last! Robust to freq selective fading, less retransmissions, less power needed FEC (as ARQ is inefficient here) Network layer Routing information -Proactive: DSDV (too much overhead memory req) -Reactive: AOVD (too slow, requires flooding!) -Geographical routing protocols (localization information, GPS isn’t too accurate for UWSN) -Centralized network manager (polling) Multi-hop routing requires less energy t