资料的评读（II）诊断与筛检.pptVIP

Post-test Odds , Probability (陰性) 測後機率 = 測後勝算 / (測後勝算+1) Study pre-test odds = 0.45 Study post-test odds = 0.45 *0.12 = 0.054 Study post-test probability(有病) = 0.054/(0.054+1) = 5% 測後沒病機率 = 1-5% = 95% ? negative predictive value 個人化調整 病患測後勝算 = 研究測後勝算 * (病患測前勝算/研究測前勝算) 檢查是否有用 Sensitivity 敏感度, Specificity 特異度 兩者相加減掉100% (Youden Index) 至少要大於 0, 最好要大於 50%, 理想值是 100% Rule in / Rule out SnNout: high sensitivity, negative result rule out the diagnosis SpPin: high specificity, positive result rule in the diagnosis LR+ = sensitivity / (1-specificity) LR- = (1-sensitivity) /specificity D-dimer