C13-14-heredity_nucleic_acidsf2011.pptxVIP

Exercises 13 14 Heredity Nucleic Acids Mendel and the Garden Pea ? The tendency for traits to be passed from parent to offspring is called heredity ? Traits are alternative forms of a character or heritable feature ? Gregor Mendel ? The first person to systematically study heredity ? Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science ? Worked with garden peas in a monastery Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 10.2, p. 157 1 Cut away anthers. 2 Brush on pollen from Another plant. stigma anther ovary Pollen grains containing sperm are Produced in the anther. When pollen Grains are brushed onto the stigma, Sperm fertilizes eggs in the ovary. Fertilized eggs are located in ovules, Which develop into seeds. a. Flower structure 3 The results of cross from a Parent that produces round, Yellow seeds x parent that Produces wrinkled Yellow seeds. b. Cross-pollination Fig. 10.3-3, p. 158 Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ? Tt P gametes tt TT t T Parents are pure breeding (true breeding) for alternate traits All F1 plants are tall; this indicates that tall is dominant and short is recessive. Dwarf P generation (parental generation) Tall F1 generation All plants are tall. (first filial generation) sperm Fig. 10.3, p. 158 Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. All plants are tall. T t t Tt tt Tt eggs T TT Tt offspring Key: 3 tall : 1 short F1 gametes F2generation F2 Phenotypic Ratio T = tall plant t = short plant One-trait (monohybrid) cross F1 generation Genotype and Phenotype ? The expressed or physical traits (appearance) of an individual is its phenotype – Ex: tall or short plants ? The genetic makeup of an individual is its genotype – Ex: TT, Tt, or tt Tall phenotype; genotype TT or Tt Short phenotype; genotype tt