Chapter 2 Limits of Sequence.docVIP

Chapter 2 Limits of Sequence §2.1 Definition of limit of Sequence 1. About “mapping” A, B are nonempty sets of any kind. is called a “mapping” from A to B. If for ,one and only one , corresponding with x. Denoted by: A: the set of original image B: rang of f Set is called the image set under f. If is a proper subset of B, , we say that is “into” mapping of x under f. If , we say that is “onto” mapping of x under f, or “full mapping(满射)” If , and for , , we say is one to one mapping, or “1-1”correpondece for uniques.t. , we write . is called “inverse of f ”. If A, B, is a function. When A=={1,2,3…，n, …} B= is called sequence of real numbers to investigate. C-sequence Trend of when n grows, infinitely, i.e. , we say is a c-sequence. Def 2.1.1 A sequence of real numbers For a given sequence {an}, if there is a number ARwith the following property: For , such that , whenever , nN, or . Then we say that {an} converges(收敛) to A as n approaches infinity, and denote with symbol =A or . A is called the limit of {an} when . Whereas, if there is no such AR, the sequence {an} is said to diverge（发散）. ,s.t , such is called infinitesimal and often denoted by , 2. Properties of infinitesimal 1. 2. If and , are constants, then ① +=0(1) ② ③ 3．If=0(1) andfor, then=0(1) Proof of Property2 For ,s.t. , s.t. , Let N=max{N1, N2}, when nN+||+|| +=0(1) Proof of Property 2(2) 1)If =0, 0?=0 2)If ,s.t. (nN) , Proof of Property 3 For,s.t. , , =0(1) §2.2Properties of limit of General Sequence Th.2.2.1 If 1.() 2., then Pf. , Th.2.2.2 Uniqueness of Limit A sequence {an} of real numbers can converge to at most one number in R. If ,, then A=B Pf. Assume that =A, and =B. By triangular inequality, we have For , , such that, simultaneously hold, whenever nN, and thus we have Which implies A-B=0,or A=B. Another proof From the assumption, for,s.t. , s.t. , Let N=max{N1, N2}, , simultaneously hold Def 2.2.2 If forM0,N, such t