Chapter3 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems.ppt

Chapter 2 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems §2.1 Discrete-Time Signals:Time-Domain Representation Signals represented as sequences of numbers, called samples Sample value of a typical signal or sequence denoted as x[n] with n being an integer in the range -?? n ?? x[n] defined only for integer values of n and undefined for noninteger values of n Discrete-time signal represented by {x[n]} §2.1 Discrete-Time Signals:Time-Domain Representation Discrete-time signal may also be written as a sequence of numbers inside braces: {x[n]}={…,-0.2,2.2,1.1,0.2,-3.7,2.9,…} ? The arrow is placed under the sample at time index n = 0 In the above, x[-1]= -0.2, x[0]=2.2, x[1]=1.1, etc. §2.1 Discrete-Time Signals:Time-Domain Representation Graphical representation of a discrete-time signal with real-valued samples is as shown below: §2.1 Discrete-Time Signals:Time-Domain Representation In some applications, a discrete-time sequence {x[n]} may be generated by periodically sampling a continuous-time signal xa(t) at uniform intervals of time §2.1 Discrete-Time Signals:Time-Domain Representation Here, n-th sample is given by x[n]=xa(t) |t=nT=xa(nT), n=…,-2,-1,0,1,… The spacing T between two consecutive samples is called the sampling interval or sampling period Reciprocal of sampling interval T, denoted as FT , is called the sampling frequency: FT=1/T §2.1 Discrete-Time Signals:Time-Domain Representation Unit of sampling frequency is cycles per second, or hertz (Hz), if T is in seconds Whether or not the sequence {x[n]} has been obtained by sampling, the quantity x[n] is called the n-th sample of the sequence {x[n]} is a real sequence, if the n-th sample x[n] is real for all values of n Otherwise, {x[n]} is a complex sequence §2.1 Discrete-Time Signals:Time-Domain Representation A complex sequence {x[n]} can be written as {x[n]}={xre[n]}+j{xim[n]} where xre and xim are the real and imaginary parts of x[n] T