前浪漫主义.pptVIP

Pre-Romanticism 浪漫主义与现实主义同为文学艺术史上的两大主要思潮。浪漫主义（英语romantic）一词源出南欧一些古罗马省府的语言和文学。这些地区的不同方言原系拉丁语和当地方言混杂而成，后来发展成罗曼系语言（ Romance languages）。在 11～12世纪 ， 大量地方语言文学中的传奇故事和民谣就是用罗曼系语言写成的。这些作品着重描写中世纪骑士的神奇事迹、侠义气概及其神秘非凡，具有这类特点的故事后来逐渐称为romance ，即骑士故事或传奇故事。 作为创作方法和风格，浪漫主义在表现现实上，强调主观与主体性，侧重表现理想世界，把情感和想象提到创作的首位，常用热情奔放的语言、超越现实的想象和夸张的手法塑造理想中的形象。古今中外的文艺创作自始就有这种特色。如中国屈原、李白的诗歌和吴承恩的小说《西游记》，德国的歌德和席勒、法国的雨果和乔治·桑、英国的拜伦和雪莱等人的作品中都具有鲜明的浪漫主义特色。 作为文艺思潮，浪漫主义产生并风行于18世纪末～19世纪初的欧洲。其时正值资产阶级革命的时代，资产阶级处于上升时期，要求个性解放和感情自由，在政治上反抗封建主义的统治，在文学艺术上反对古典主义的束缚。为适应这样的需要，浪漫主义思潮应运而生。浪漫主义思潮在文学、美术、建筑、音乐等艺术领域都有所体现。  Pre-Romanticism background 1. The second quarter of 18th century: shift from neo-classicism to romantic tendencies. 2. 1750’s -1770’s: Industrial Revolution and American Revolution—further development in pre-romanticism in English poetry great pre-romantic poets 1. William Blake 2. Robert Burns William Blake His life His works comment selections British poet, painter, visionary mystic, and engraver, who illustrated and printed his own books. Blake proclaimed supremacy of the imagination over the rationalism and materialism of the 18th-century. He joined for a time the Swedenborgian Church of the New Jerusalem in London and considered Newtonian science to be superstitious nonsense. Misunderstanding shadowed his career as a writer and artist and it was left to later generations to recognize his importance. 瑞典著名科学家，后忽弃其所学，研究宗教，自命曾经过一种神秘的方式，受神呼召，得到上帝特别的启示，得窥上帝圣道的奥秘；认为当时的教会，都已失败，都不明圣经的真理，从而创立一种「新耶路撒冷教会」（Church　of　New　Jerusalem）。 All people who live good lives, no matter what their religion, have a place in heaven. London, hosier, first educated at home, chiefly by his mother, Henry Pars drawing school. From early years, he experienced visions of angels, he saw and conversed with the angel Gabriel, the Virgin Mary, and various historical figures. 14, apprenticed for seven years to the engraver James Basire. Gothic art and architecture influenced him deeply. After studies a