5-3平面线性系统的奇点和相图.pptVIP

§5.3平面线性系统的奇点及相图 5.3.1 几个线性系统的计算机相图 5.3.2 平面线性系统的初始奇点 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 本节我们仍考虑被称为平面系统的二维自治系统 存在唯一性条件。 为了研究系统（5.3.1）的轨线的定性性态， Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 必须弄清其奇点及其邻域内的轨线分布。比如 上节我们已知系统的任何出发于常点的轨线， 不可能在任一有限时刻到达奇点。反过来如果系 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一般来说，奇点及其附近轨线的性态是比较 可用变换 (5.3.2) 把（5.3.1）变为： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (5.3.3) 移变换，所以不改变奇点及邻域轨线的性态。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 性态即可。所以设(5.3.1)中的右端函数满足： 数。我们称之为线性系统，即 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 5.3.1 几个线性系统的计算机相图 一个自治系统在奇点邻域的相图对奇点邻 域轨线的性态有很大的帮助。Maple可以方便地 画出其图形，给我们一个直观的形象。 Maple画轨线图时候先要调入微分方程的软 件包，接着定义方程，给出变量及其范围，指定 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 初值，再给出步长、颜色等。看几个具体的例子。 例5.3.1 用Maple描出系统 在奇点附近轨线的相图。 解 用Maple解得相图5.7。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 是上边所说的实可逆矩阵，则系统 (5.3.5)变为: Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 原方程组(5.3.5)的奇点及附近的轨线结构只须 型 ，因此我们只对线性系统的标准方程组给出 讨论。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspos