CO2andtroposphericO3.PDFVIP

Research GeneBlackwellPublishing,Ltd. expression patterns of trembling aspen trees following long-term exposure to interacting elevated CO2 and tropospheric O3 P. Gupta1*, S. Duplessis2*, H. White3, D. F. Karnosky1, F. Martin2 and G. K. Podila3 1School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; 2UMR 1136 INRA / UHP–Nancy, ‘Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes’, Centre INRA de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France; 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; *These authors contributed equally to this work Author for correspondence: Gopi K. Podila Tel: +1 256 824 6263 Fax: +1 256 824 6305 Email: podilag@ Received: 14 February 2005 Accepted: 16 February 2005 Summary ? Expression of 4600 poplar expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was studied over the 2001–2002 growing seasons using trees of the moderately ozone (O3)-tolerant trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) clone 216 exposed to elevated CO2 and /or O3 for their entire 5-yr life history. ? Based on replication of the experiment in years 2001 and 2002, 238 genes showed qualitatively similar expression in at least one treatment and were retained for analysis. Of these 238 genes, 185 were signi?cantly regulated (1.5-fold) from one year to the other in at least one treatment studied. Less than 1% of the genes were regulated 2-fold or more. ? In the elevated CO2 treatment, relatively small numbers of genes were upregulated, whereas in the O3 treatment, higher expression of many signaling and defense-related genes and lower expression of several photosynthesis and energyrelated genes were observed. Senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and genes involved in the ?avanoid pathway were also up-regulated under O3, with or without CO2 treatment. Interestingly, the combined treatment of CO2 plus O3 resulted in the differential expression of genes that were not up-regulated with individual gas treatments. ? This study