美国超验主义英语介绍讲述.pptVIP

* Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生 Henry David Thoreau梭罗 American Transcendentalism美国超验主义 A broad, philosophical movement in New England during the Romantic era（peak：1836-1855）the first American intellectual movement. Started by a group of people in the Transcendental Club in the 1830s who published their views in the journal The Dial Historical background Transcendentalist believed instinct or intuition is the deepest level of man’s soul. They tried to find truth through feeling, rather than through logic. So they write not in a logical way. We can say they formed a movement of feelings beliefs rather than a system of philosophy. Brief Introduction The world shrank itself into a drop of dew. 世界将其自身缩小成为一滴露水 Believe yourself A person must be able to become what he wants to be Mottos The major features of  Transcendentalists 1. emphasis on Spirit or the Oversoul ---Oversoul is a unitary（统一的） power of goodness， omnipresent（无所不在的） and omnipotent（无所不能的），from which all things came and of which everyone was a part。 2. the importance of the individual 3. nature is the symbol of Spirit or God 1.至善 absolute good 2.纯洁无暇 unspotted innocence of nature 3.人具有神性 humanity was godlike and that evil was nonexistent appeared to be an optimistic folly Creeds Sources 1.欧洲浪漫主义文学 【the romantic literature of Europe】 2.新柏拉图主义 【neo-Platonism】 3.德国理想主义哲学 【German idealistic philosophy】 4.东方神秘主义 【Oriental mysticism】 Weaknesses 　　  The transcendentalist movement had a small membership and only lasted for a few years. The transcendentalism was never a systematic philosophy. It borrowed from many sources. The failure of transcendentalism as a moral force in American life was its denial of its real spiritual origin. 爱默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson 梭罗 Henry David Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) philosopher, lecturer,