初中必学的语法时态.doc

初中时期必学英语时态所有结构？ 一、一般现在时（1）有 be 动词时：（be 有 am，is，are 三种形态，在此仅以 is 为例举例）陈述句：Michael is a student.否定句：Michael isnt a student.疑问句：Is Michael a student?回答：Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.（2）有情态动词时：（以 can 为例）陈述句：Jane can speak Chinese well.否定句：Jane cant speak Chinese well.疑问句：Can Jane speak Chinese well?回答：Yes, she can. / No, she cant.（3）当谓语动词为“实意动词”时：（以 go 为例）陈述句：Tom goes to school by bike. / They go to school by bike.否定句：Tom doesnt go to school by bike. / They dont go to school by bike.疑问句：Does Tom go to school by bike? / Do they go to school by bike?回答：Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. / Yes, they do. / No, they dont. 二、现在进行时结构：主语 + be + v-ing标志：居首一般有 Look! / Listen! 句尾一般有 now / at the moment。举例：陈述句：He is doing his homework now.否定句：He isnt doing his homework now.疑问句：Is he doing his homework now?回答：Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. 三、一般将来时结构：主语 + be going to do sth.主语 + will / shall do sth.举例：陈述句：We are going to have a math test next week. / She will go to Beijing tomorrow.否定句：We arent going to have a math test next week. / She wont go to Beijing tomorrow.疑问句：Are you going to have a math test next week? / Will she go to Beijing tomorrow?回答：Yes, we are. / No, we arent. / Yes, she will. / No, she wont.（特例）在“主语 + be going to do sth.”结构中，当动词为 come，go，leave，start，move 时，则用现在进行时的结构表达一般将来时的含义。在此以 go 为例：陈述句：Im going to Canada in five days.否定句：Im not going to Canada in five days.疑问句：Are you going to Canada in five days?回答：Yes, I am. / No, Im not. 四、现在完成时结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词标志：already / yet 等以动词 finish 为例：肯定句：Maria has finished her homework already.否定句：Maria hasnt finished her homework yet.疑问句：Has Maria finished her homework yet?回答：Yes, she has. / No, she hasnt.（注意）在现在完成时中，当动词为“非延续性动词”时（例如 open / close / leave / borrow / die 等），不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以采用其他方式表达相同的含义。现以 die 为例：翻译：他已经去世二十年了。（错误表述）He has died for twenty years.（正确表述）He has been dead for twenty years.（正确表述）He died twenty years ago.（正确表述）It has been twenty years since he died.