初中语法-被动语态.doc

被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。 如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例） 结构：主语 + be + 过去分词 时态：1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done. 2. 带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done 3. 一般过去时： was (were) done 4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done 5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done 6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done 例：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的用法 1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：This book was published in 1981. （publish出版） 这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） 2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Luxun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1．把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2．把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) 3．把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. 改为：He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. 改为：The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 四、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。 We can repair this watch in two days. 改为：This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. 改为：This work must be finished soon. 五、主动变被动语态需要注意的几个问题. （1）时态保持一致。 I repaired my computer. 改为：My computer was repaired. （2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him. 改为：He is often looked after by his best friend. （3）主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变 Linda gave me a book. (双宾语，me为间接宾语,a book为直接宾语) 改为：I was given a book by Linda. 或者：A book was given to me by Linda.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词） （4）主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb.做sth.), see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to. Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. 改为：He was made to wash the dishes. （5）有些动词不能用于被动语态,例如take place/happen/come true/break out/belong to等。 All your dreams will come true if you try your best. （6