人喝酒与酒喝人-外国语学院-湖州师范学院.doc

“人喝酒”与“酒喝人” ——最简方案框架下的汉英动词句法差异比较 余 祥 越1 黎 金 娥2 （湖州师范学院 外国语学院 浙江 湖州 313000 “Ren He Jiu”(A Person Drinks Wine) and “Jiu He Ren” (Wine Drinks a Person) 棗r A Minimalist Programme-based Comparative Study of the Syntactical Difference between Chinese English Verbs YU Xiang-yue LI Jin’e Abstract: There are both commonality and difference between languages. In terms of generative grammar, the commonality is originated from the common initial state shared by human beings while the difference is due to the different parameters-selection made during their acquisition of languages. The present article, based on the Minimalist Programme, analyzes the lexicon features of English verb drink and Chinese verb “he” and explores why a similar concept is expressed syntactically different between languages, say, the so-called “containment construction” exists in Chinese but is rejected in English. A further study of the “containment construction” shows that the two-place transitive structure SVO is the foundation from which the construction in question is derived and that the switch of SVA into SVO provides the condition by which the intransitive verbs find the chance to enter the “containment construction”. Key words: Minimalist Programme; lexicon features; Chinese verb “he”; drink; containment construction 1. 最简方案的基本精神 经过众多生成语言学家近二十年在GB模式内的研究之后，乔姆斯基1992年发表了《语言学理论最简方案》（简称“最简方案”或MP模式），提出了MP普遍语法模式。这个模式的设计思想和早期的SS模式、EST模式以及GB模式没有本质上的差别，只是在实现的技术上有很大的改进。下面是“最简方案”体系的构成图(程工，1994)。 规则部分： 音系式 显性句法（包含空语类） 词库 逻辑式 原则部分 ⅰ. x-阶标理论 ⅱ. 语障理论 ⅲ. 题元理论 ⅳ. 格理论 ⅴ. 控制理论 ⅵ.约束理论 ⅶ. 核查理论 “最简方案”由一个数字型的词库（lexicon）和一个运算系统（computational system）构成，词库标明词项特性，运算系统则从词项出发进行推导，生成表达式。 “最简方案”的运作过程是：先从词库中“选配”(numerate) 合适词语组