孤波论文尘埃晶格中的孤波和相变.doc

孤波论文：尘埃晶格中的孤波和相变 【中文摘要】近年来,尘埃等离子体已成为等离子体学科中一个发展迅速的分支领域之一。尘埃颗粒之间的库仑相互作用非常强,而且尘埃的温度一般都很低,从而表现出强耦合的特性。实验中发现,在放电极板的上方悬浮有数目可观的并且结构有序的尘埃颗粒,这些颗粒在一定条件下会表现出类似晶体的结构,比如平面六边形、面心立方和体心立方,即所谓的尘埃晶格。尘埃晶格有着十分广阔的发展前景,它可以为强耦合等离子体理论提供一个现实而且易于控制和诊断的实验原型。尘埃晶格还可以做为链接等离子体物理与凝聚态物理的一座桥梁,这有助于提高我们对固体物理中一些过程的认识。本文主要研究的是尘埃晶格中孤波的相互作用和一维Frenkel-Kontorova(FK)模型系统中测度同步和相变,得出了一些有意义的结果。全文共分四章：第一章,我们简要介绍了等离子体的基本理论、尘埃等离子体的基本理论及等离子体的应用。第二章通过推广的Poincare-Lighthill-Kuo(PLK)摄动法研究了六角点阵尘埃晶格中两个不同方向的孤波碰撞得到了描述孤波运动行为的Korteweg-de-Vries(KdV)方程以及两个孤波以任意角碰撞后的相移和轨道,同时研究了系统参数对相移的影响。第三章,我们采用耦合的FK模型来研究两个粒子的测度同步和相变。发现当这两个粒子的耦合强度大于某个测度同步定义的临界值值时,它们的轨道具有相同的平均相位空间,即达到测度同步。还进一研究了测度同步与系统参数之间的关系。最后,我们对本文进行了总结和对本领域今后的工作进行了展望。 【英文摘要】In recent years, dusty plasma has become a fast-growing branch of the plasma sci-ence. It reveals very strong coupling characteristics due to the strong coulomb interaction and low temperature. It was found that there were a considerable number of, and ordered structural dust particles floating on the top of discharging plate, which exhibit a similar hexagonal crystal structure (the so-called dust lattice) such as plane, face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic under certain conditions. Dust lattice is a prosperous research direction not only because it can provide a realistic, easy-to-control experimental proto-type for the strongly-coupled plasma theory, but also it can be used as a bridge connecting the dust plasma physics and condensed matter physics. The dust lattice can contribute the understanding of some processes in the solid state physics. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the solitary wave interaction in the dust lattice and the measure synchronization and phase transitions in one-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model systems.The thesis is divided into four chapters:in ChapterⅠ, we gave a brief introduction of the fundamentals of the plasma and its applications; in ChapterⅡ, the Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) equation which describes the behaviors of solitary waves and the phase shift