语言学简明的教程Chapter1.pptVIP

General Linguistics School of Foreign Languages by Mao Yanwen Questions It is a major branch of social science. Linguistics studies not just one language of any society, but the language of all human societies, language in general. Linguistics studies the general principles upon which all languages are constructed and operate as a system of communication in the societies in which they are used. Scope of Linguistics 1. General Linguistics (in theory): Phonetics (语音学) Phonology (音系学) Morphology (形态学/词形学) Syntax (句法学) Semantics (语义学) Pragmatics (语用学) The above aspects of language forms the core of linguistics.  Sociolinguistics （社会语言学） Psycholinguistics （心理语言学） Corpus linguistics （语料库语言学） Computational linguistics （计算语言学) Stylistic linguistics （stylistics) (文体学/语体学） Applied linguistics (应用语言学） …… 3. Other Classifications of Linguistics Functional linguistics (功能语言学） Structural linguistics （结构语言学） Chomskyan linguistics （乔姆斯基语言学） Hallidayan linguistics（韩礼德语言学） …… Ancient (Plato), word origins word class ?15th century, universal grammar ?18th century, the similarities of some languages ?19th century, historical study of different languages Scientific Study Arbitrariness（任意性） Duality（双重性） Productivity （创造性） Cultural transmission （文化传递性） Review: 1. What is linguistics? 2. What is language? 3. What are the design features of language? (or properties of language) 4. In theory, how can linguistics be classified? 5. Who is the forefather of modern linguistics? 6. What is Halliday famous for? 7. What is Chomsky famous for? Examples: Brisk, erect walk ? Hand to cheek ? Tapping or drumming fingers ? Tilted head ? Biting nails ? According to Halliday(2003), there are three broad functions of language: Ideational function（概念功能） Interpersonal function （人际功能） Textual function（语篇功能） 1.6