4 essay development by time__ order.ppt

Essay Developed by Chronological Order March, 2010 In telling a story or recounting an event, the easiest and clearest way is to describe things in order of time: earlier things are mentioned before later things, the first thing first and the last thing last. This method is called chronological sequencing. Chronological order Tell stories and incident Describe historical events narrative Describe process or procedures Give directions or instructions expository Narration 按照一定的时间顺序叙述已经发生过的事情的文体称为“记叙文”。 包括两类：虚构性记叙和事实性记叙 Narratives are essays that relate one moment in which a writer reveals an experience he/she has had. They are used to tell a story in such a way so the reader can easily follow the events. Key elements of narration A setting, or some background information（背景） A goal, or the ultimate purpose of the writing（目的） An initiation event（起始事件） Simple reaction（简单反应） An attempt（尝试） An outcome（结果）, and The ending（结局） Strategies for writing narration Context Selection of details Organization Point of view Purpose Context When, where, and to whom the action in a narrative happened is often made clear at the beginning of the narrative. This will provide the reader with a context, or circumstance, to help him understand the whole narrative. Select significant details for narration Six W’s What happened? When it happened? Where it happened? Why it happened? How it happened? Who was/were involved? In selecting significant details, one should avoid those details which are not pertinent to the above six questions. EXAMPLE You are supposed to write about the topic Daily Routine: Brainstorming A Day Happy Busy Terrible Example Daily Life There should not be too many details in a narrative, or the reader will be confused and lose interest in the story. Only relevant details, or the things that contribute to bringing out the main ideas of the narrative, are useful and effective. When selection details, the writer should bear in mind his purpose in writ