碳减排.docVIP

碳减排：值得花大力气 作者：????时间：2010年06月24????来源：Eco中文论坛????已阅读 151次 THIS newspaper has long advocated a carbon tax as the best way to deal with a warming climate. This month we asked Cambridge Econometrics, an economic-modelling firm, to assess the impact of a carbon tax on the economy. To keep things simple and allow for gradual adjustment, we proposed that it should raise revenues equal to 1% of GDP by 2020, and that other policies with similar objectives (fuel duty, subsidies for renewable energy, Britain’s membership of the European emissions-trading scheme—the ETS—and so forth) would be abolished or cut back. 更多信息请访问：/ 本刊长期以来一直主张征收碳排放税是应对气候变暖的最佳方式。本月我们邀请经济建模公司剑桥计量（Cambridge Econometrics）估算碳排放征税对经济可能产生的冲击。简单来讲且允许循序渐进做些调整，我们预计到2020年碳排放征税的创收应相当于GDP的1%，而且其他着眼相似目标的政策（燃油税、可再生能源补贴、英国在欧洲排放交易计划emissions-trading scheme简称ETS）中的会员身份等等）将被废除或者减少。 The results are surprising. A frequent worry about carbon taxes is that they will hurt business and the economy. But in our simulation Britain’s economic performance would improve. Despite raising an extra ￡11 billion in net revenue by 2015 and ￡18 billion by 2020, our carbon tax (￡31 a tonne in 2015) would help economic performance, not hamper it. Output would be 1.2% higher by 2020 than under the current arrangements. 收效将非常惊人。对碳排放征税人们常常担忧的是这将使商业和经济受到创伤。但在我们的模拟中，英国经济成就会有所改观。尽管到2015年纯财政收入将增加110亿英镑，2020年将增加180亿英镑，我们的碳排放税（2015年每吨征税31英镑）将会促进而非阻碍经济成就。到2020年现有制度下收效将提高1.2%。 Philip Summerton, of Cambridge Econometrics, explains that, with a general carbon tax replacing specific, expensive subsidies for renewable energy, more gas-fired power stations would be built. Since gas power is cheaper than wind power, for example, that would lower the cost of electricity. That, in turn, would boost production: manufacturing would grow by an extra 2.5% by 2020. 剑桥计量的Philip Summerton解释道，对碳排放征税代替了具体的高昂的可再生能源补贴，就将建成更多的天然气发电站。由于天然气比风能价格低，举个例子来说，这样就能降低发电的成本。反过来也将刺激生产：到2020年制造业将再增长2.5%。 Admittedly, not all the news is good. Britain already depends on gas for around