US Foreign Policy英语国家概况.pptVIP

US Foreign Policy From Isolation to Intervention Questions Are there principles, trends or patterns in US foreign policy? Is it ‘all about oil’? Has it always been ‘the indispensable nation’? How did America become a superpower? What are the costs and benefits of being a superpower? Studying Foreign Policy Isolationism (Isolationist) Interventionism (Interventionist) Ideological Pragmatic Unilateralism (Unilateralist) Multilateralism (Multilateralist) 孤立主义 干涉主义 思想上的 / 意识形态的 实用的 单边主义 多边主义 19th C: a rising power From isolationism to limited interventionism. George Washington’s warning – keep out of foreign wars (Isolationist). Monroe Doctrine – keep European powers out of the Americas. Teddy Roosevelt (1903) – ‘speak softly but wave the big stick’ (i.e. be diplomatic, but maintain a strong military power) (Semi-interventionist). Increasing interventionism, 1867-1917 Policy conflicts Pearl Harbour: the end of isolationism The Truman doctrine: containment Post war communist expansion: Eastern Europe + China + ? Europe stabilized after breaking Stalin’s Berlin blockade* (1948-9). NATO v Warsaw Pact US Soviet Union fight proxy wars** for influence in the third world; Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua, Afghanistan, etc Domino theory: defend Vietnam to save Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, etc. The Cold War: a ‘balance of terror’ Detaching China (1972) Mutual fear of Russia: “My enemies’ enemy is my friend” The US weakened by the Vietnam war Mao weakened by the revolt of Lin Biao and afraid of Russian attack Soviet collapse Reagan: ‘victory through strength’ (the USSR lacked money to keep up with the USA) Post-Cold War: US support for free-market policies and expansion of NATO Western victory: ‘The End of History’ (Fukuyama) Middle East policy (Traditional) US supports Israel ideologically, but ensures oil supplies from Arab states (contradictory aims?) US pragmatically supports friendly Arab states (whether democratic or not: e.g. Saudi Arabia) Opposes ra