统计剖析的综合指标.ppt

* * Shape Concerned with extent to which values are symmetrically distributed. Kurtosis The extent to which a distribution is peaked (flatter or taller). For example, a distribution could be more peaked than a normal distribution (still may be 慴ell-shaped). If values are negative, then distribution is less peaked than a normal distribution. Skew The extent to which a distribution is symmetric or has a tail. Values are 0 if normal distribution. If the values are negative, then negative or left-skewed. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Using exact values: Midhinge = (Q1 + Q3)/2 = (2.75 + 8.25)/2 = 11/2 = 5.5 离散系数（实例和计算过程） 表4-7 某管理局所属8家企业的产品销售数据 企业编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 产品销售额（万元） X1 170 220 390 430 480 650 950 1000 销售利润（万元） X2 8.1 12.5 18.0 22.0 26.5 40.0 64.0 69.0 【例】某管理局抽查了所属的8家企业，其产品销售数据如表4.7。试比较产品销售额与销售利润的离散程度 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 离散系数(计算结果) X1=536.25（万元） S1=309.19（万元） V1= 536.25 309.19 =0.577 S2=23.09（万元） V2= 32.5215 23.09 =0.710 X2=32.5215（万元） 结论： 计算结果表明，V1V2，说明产品销售额的离散程度小于销售利润的离散程度 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 数据类型与离散程度测度值 表4-8 数据类型和所适用的离散程度测度值 数据类型 适 用 的 测 度 值 定类数据 — — — — 定序数据 ※四分位差 — — — — 定距数据或定比数据 ※方差或标准差 ※离散系数（比较时用） 平均差 极差 四分位差 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 第三节 偏态与峰度的测度 一. 偏态及其测度 二. 峰度及其测度 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 偏 态 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 偏态与峰度分布的形状 扁平分布 尖峰分布 偏态 峰度 左偏分布 右偏分布 与标准正态分布比较！ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 偏态(概念要点) 1. 数据分布偏斜程度的测度 2. 偏态系数=0为对称分布 3. 偏态系数 0为右偏分布 4. 偏态系数 0为左偏分布 5. 计算公式为