毕业设计_800万吨年混合原油常减压蒸装置设计.doc

800万吨/年混合原油常减压蒸装置设计 摘 要 本次设计主要完成了年处理能力为800万吨的混合原油常减压蒸馏塔的设计计算，对初馏塔、常压塔、常压塔加热炉的设计及其热效率，泵的热效率的部分设计。 常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品的各物性数据，确定原油切割方案，计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数，进料及侧线抽出位置，假设各主要部分的操作温度及操作压力，对全塔进行热平衡计算，确定全塔回流热。本次设计塔顶采用二级冷凝冷却回流，塔中采用两个中段循环回流，一个顶回流，常压塔塔顶取热：塔顶温度为122℃，煤油抽出板温度为223℃，轻柴油抽出板温度为305℃，原料进料温度为361℃，塔底温度为185℃。塔顶压力为0.157MPa。塔板型式选用F1型重阀浮阀塔板，依常压塔内最大汽相负荷处为2843.4Kmol/h，算得塔径为4.12m，塔板间距为0.7m，对塔板流体力学性能进行核算，操作弹性为1.61,塔的操作性能良好。 常压加热炉采用空心圆筒炉，依据经验公式对加热炉的总热负荷进行设计计算。设计管式加热炉中的辐射室和对流室的结构和尺寸并确定管程数。对常压塔的关键塔板进行气夜相负荷计算，对其常压塔的加热炉和泵进行热效率的计算 关键词：初馏塔，常压塔, 加热炉, 设计 Abstract This design mainly has completed the year handling ability is 8Mt/a Jinxi crude oil Atmospheric and the primary distillation tower Vacuum Distillation Unit design calculation, Atmospheric distillation tower design and thermal efficiency of heating furnace, the thermalpump design. The Atmospheric Distillation Unit design mainly, calculate the various product natural data, definite the crude oil cutting plan and computate the rate of product receives according to the crude oil solid boiling point distillation data and the product Engler distillation data which the basis gives. Refers to the similar equipment definite column tray number, the position of feeding and the side line extractst suppose the operating temperature and the service pressure of the each main part, carries on the computation of heat balance to the entire tower, determined the entire tower hot of the backflow. This design tower goes against uses the level condensation cooling backflow, in the tower uses a center-section circulating reflux, the top of the tower goes against takes the heat: The center-section backflow takes hotly is50%:50%, The temperature of tower top is 122℃. The temperature of Kerosene out board is 223℃. The temperature of diesel oil out board is 305℃. And raw material temperature is 357℃, bottom of the tower temperature is 350℃.Top pressure is 0.157MPa. Material pressure is 0.173MPa. , finally examines each main spot operat