十五、特殊句式及结构详解.ppt

十五、特殊句式及结构 语法精讲 考点一　倒装 (一)完全倒装 1.表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首用完全倒装。常见的 有:there,here,in,out,away,up,down,from,off,back,over,then,now, in the room,on the wall 等。 Here comes the bus.车来了。 In rushed the angry man.那个生气的男人冲了进来。 Now is your turn.现在轮到你了。 In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden. 学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。 特别提示 主语为代词时不倒装。 Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。 Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。 2.表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有许多其他客人。 3.such+be+主语 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实,没有人可以否认。 (二)部分倒装 1.“Only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主句要 用部分倒装。 Only then did he realize that he had lost his way. 只有在那时他才意识到自己迷路了。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他回来时,我们才査明了事实真相。 2.具有否定意义的副词或短语如not,nor,neither,never,seldom,rarely, hardly,little,by no means,at no time,in no way,under no circumstances等位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。 Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent. 他以前很少见过如此有天赋的孩子。 By no means shall we give up.我们绝不会放弃。 3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。 (1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 They love having lots of friends.So do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。 特别提示 o表示“是的,确实”,重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。 —It is too hot. —So it is. ——天太热了。 ——是啊,的确很热。 (2)neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。 I don’t know who he is,nor do I want to know. 我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。 (3)在such/ so...that ...结构中,“so/such +被修饰词”位于句首时,主 句用部分倒装。 So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others. 他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。 (4)neither...nor...结构位于两个分句的句首时,用部分倒装。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it. 我不知道这件事,我也不在乎。 (5)在not only ...but (also)...结构中,not only位于句首时,第一个分句 用部分倒装。 Not only do I like painting,but I (also) take a course. 我不但喜欢画画,而且还上了绘画课。 特别提示 此结构连接主语时不倒装。 Not only he but also his parents are sick. 不但他而且他父母也病了。 (6)not until ...位于句首时,句子或主句用部分倒装。 Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 直到我儿子上