9.Neighborhoodoperations讲稿.pptVIP

视觉系统—原理与应用 黄玉波 Neighborhood operation Neighborhood operation Sliding neighborhood operation Distinct block operation Columnwise operation 邻域操作 邻域：远远小于图像尺寸的形状规则的像素块，一般为m×n的方形区域。 邻域操作是图像处理中的基本运算之一，是多种常用图像处理操作的基本运算方式。 邻域操作的分类： 滑动邻域操作(sliding neighborhood operation) 分离邻域操作(distinct block operation) Sliding Neighborhood Operation A sliding neighborhood operation is an operation that is performed a pixel at a time, with the value of any given pixel in the output image being determined by the application of an algorithm to the values of the corresponding input pixels neighborhood. A pixels neighborhood is some set of pixels, defined by their locations relative to that pixel, which is called the center pixel. The neighborhood is a rectangular block, and as you move from one element to the next in an image matrix, the neighborhood block slides in the same direction. 滑动邻域操作 滑动邻域操作(sliding neighborhood operation)一次处理一个像素，输出图像的每一个像素都是通过对输入图像某邻域内的像素值进行某种运算得到。 特点： 当邻域操作从图像矩阵的一个位置移动到另一个位置时，滑动邻域也朝相同的方向移动。 对邻域超出边界的像素自动填充零值。 以像素为单位进行处理（核心：中心像素）。 每次邻域操作返回一个标量值。 输出图像的大小与输入图像大小一致。 滑动邻域操作 中心像素 中心像素（center pixel）是输入图像真正要进行处理的像素。 中心像素的定位： 若邻域的行和列都为奇数，则中心像素为邻域最中心位置的像素 若邻域的行或列有一维为偶数，设邻域为m×n的，则中心像素为： floor(([m n]+1)/2) 即，中心像素位于中心偏左或偏上方。 中心像素 floor(([m n]+1)/2) 行: (3+1)/2=2 floor(2)=2 列: (4+1)/2=2.5 floor(2.5)=2 滑动邻域操作的步骤 To perform a sliding neighborhood operation: Select a single pixel. Determine the pixels neighborhood. Apply a function to the values of the pixels in the neighborhood. This function must return a scalar. Find the pixel in the output image whose position corresponds to that of the center pixel in the input image. Set this output pixel to the value returned by the function. Repeat steps 1 through 4 for each pixel in the input image. 滑动邻域操作作用 You can use sliding neighborhood operations to implement many kinds of filtering operations. One example of a sliding neighbor operation is convolution, which is used to implement linear filtering. In addition t