理论Problem 4、5、6指导.docVIP

Problem 4: Determining atomic masses (20 points) 第四题：计算原子量（20分） The reaction of the element X with hydrogen leads to a class of compounds that is analogous to hydrocarbons. 5.000 g of X form 5.628 g of a molar 2:1 mixture of the stoichiometric X-analogues of methane and ethane, respectively. 元素X与氢元素反应可以生成一种类似与碳氢化合物的物质，5.000g X元素可以生成5.628g该物质，该物质的分子量与甲烷和乙烷按照2：1混合的分子量一致。 4.1 Determine the molar mass of X from this information. Give the chemical symbol of X, and the 3D-structure of the two products. 4.1从这些信息计算X的原子量。给出X元素的化学符号以及两种物质的三维结构。 The following more complex case is of great historical interest. 下面的更复杂的例子会引起更大的兴趣。 The mineral Argyrodite is a stoichiometric compound that contains silver (oxidation state +1), sulphur (oxidation state -2) and an unknown element Y (oxidation state +4). The ratio between the masses of silver and Y in Argyrodite is m(Ag) : m(Y) = 11.88 : 1. Y forms a reddish brown lower sulfide (oxidation state of Y is +2) and a higher white sulfide (oxidation state of Y is +4). The coloured lower sulfide is the sublimate obtained by heating Argyrodite in a flow of hydrogen. The residues are Ag2S and H2S. To convert 10.0 g of Argyrodite completely, 0.295 L of hydrogen are needed at 400 K and 100 kPa. 硫银锗矿按照化学计量的方式包括银（＋1），硫（－2），以及未知的元素Y（＋4）。硫银锗矿中银和Y元素的质量比是11.88：1。Y元素可以形成微红的褐色的低价硫化物（＋2），以及白色的高价硫化物（＋4）。有色的低价硫化物可以在通氢气流的情况下，通过加热硫银锗矿升华制的。加热后的残渣中只有Ag2S 和 H2S.为了完全转化10g硫银锗矿，需要0.295L氢气（400 K 100 kPa） 4.2 Determine the molar mass of Y from this information. Give the chemical symbol of Y, and the empirical formula of Argyrodite. 计算Y元素的原子量，给出Y的化学符号和硫银锗矿的的化学式。The atomic masses are correlated with spectroscopic properties. 原子量与它的光谱性质有关。 To determine the vibrational frequency expressed in wave numbers of chemical bonds in IR spectra chemists use Hookes law which focuses on the frequency of the vibration (attention to units!): 为了计算用波数表示的化学键的红外光谱振动频率，这里要应用有关于振动频率的虎克定律。（注意单位） 公式见原题 ν~ vibrational frequency of the bond, in wavenumbers (cm-1) ν 键的振动频率，用波数表示(cm-