污水生物除磷若干影响因素分析.pdfVIP

第 1 卷第 4 期 2.007 年 4 月 拣咦，.s..程 t 粮 Vol. 1 , No. 4 Apr. 2 0 0 7 Chinese Joumal of Environmental Engine巳ring 污水生物除磷若干影响因素分析 尹军王建辉王雪峰解艳萃霍玉丰谭学军 (吉林建筑工程学院市政与环境工程学院，长春 130021) 摘 要 在系统阐述污水生物除磷机理的基础上，深入分析了微生物群体平衡、城市污水水质、环境因子以及工艺运 行参数和运行方式等方面对生物除磷效果的影响。分析结果表明:生物除磷系统的溶解氧浓度不宜太高，一般好氧区 DO 2 mg/L，厌氧区 DO 0.2 mg/L;厌氧段存在硝酸盐对生物释磷有负面影响，缺氧段存在一定浓度的硝酸盐有利于生物聚 磷;碳源必须充分、易降解 ;TKN/COD 0. 1 的城市污水有利于生物除磷 ;pH 偏碱性可提高生物除磷效率;低温对生物除磷 效果影响不明显。 关键词城市污水生物除磷影响因素 中图分类号 X703 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1673-9108 (2007 )04 -0006 -06 Influencing factors of biological phosphorus removal in sewage treatment Yin Jun Wang Jianhui Wang Xuefeng Xie Yancui Huo Yufeng Tan Xuejun ( School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering , Jilin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute , Changchun 130021) Abstract Based on the introduction of mechanism of biological phosphorus removal , the influences of mi- croorganisms population balance , wastewater quality , environmental factors , operating parameters and manner on phosphorus removal effect were adequately analyzed in this paper. Among all influencing factors , too high dis- solved oxygen (DO) concentration must be avoided , which in aerobic zone should be less than 2 mg/L and which in anaerobic zone less O. 2 mg/L. Nitrate in anaerobic zone exhibited negative effect on phosphorus re- lease , but certain concentration of nitrate in anoxic zone was beneficial to phosphorus accumulation. Carbon source must be adequate and easily degraded. Municipal wastewater with TKN/COD O. 1 was helpful to biologi- cal phosphorus removal. Alkalescent environment could increase the effect of phosphorus removal. The influence of low temperature on phosphorus removal was not evident. Key words municipal wastewater; biological phosphorus removal; influencing factors 长期以来，我国城市污水处理厂主要以去除 BOD 和 ss 为目标。然而，随着工业化和城市化程 度的不断提高，合成洗涤剂、化肥和农药的广泛使 用，大量氮、磷营养物质进入水体，致使水体富营养 化日益严重，人们开始重视城市污水厂出水中氮磷 的排放量，并提出了相应的排放标准。我国新颁布 的《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准~ ( GB18918- 2002)对污水厂出水中磷的含量规定了严格的标 准。因此，新建及已建污水处理厂都面临着除磷脱 氮的更高要求。