现在完成时3.pptVIP

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  • 2017-04-04 发布于河南
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现在完成时3

Present perfect tense 现在完成时 ?强调动作是过去发生的    ? 强调对现在的影响或结果    ? 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响。 1.定义 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。   (“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”) 2.构成 have/has done (动词的过去分词) 过去分词 一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。    work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited    以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。  live---lived---lived ,    以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 y 变为 i ,再加“ ed ”study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ” stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 不规则动词:    AAA型   cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit   hurt hurt hur read read read   read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ ABA型    become became become    run ran run    come came come    ABB型    bring brought brought    buy bought bought    build built built    AAB型    beat beat beaten ABC型    begin began begun   drive drove driven    drink drank drunk    3.基本结构:   ①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语.    ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语.    ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语.    ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) 4.用法 (1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.   I have spent all of my money. (现在我没有钱花了.)    Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱)    He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地)    (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. ①for + 时段 …时间    ②since + 过去一个时间点 自从……以来   ③since + 从句(过去时)    It is + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时)    Mary has been ill for three days.    I have lived here since 1998.    (3) ever (曾经) 与 never(从不) “Has Anne ever been to Australia?” “Yes, once.” My mother has never travelled by air. (4) 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days, this morning/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:   Peter has written six papers so far.    There has been too much rain in San Francisco(旧金山) this year.    5. 常用的时间状语有: yet(否定、疑问句), already(肯定句), just, recently(最近),ever, never 2) since +一点时间或从句(用过去时) 3) fo

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