(国际低合金会议论文30)高强度低合金钢中非金属夹杂物—来源、检测和提高洁净度的耐火系统综述.doc

高强度低合金钢中非金属夹杂物—来源、检测和 提高洁净度的耐火系统 摘要：高强度低合金钢需要极低水平的P、S、H 和 Ot这样的残余元素。出钢过程中，用铝对钢进行脱氧，在二次冶金过程中抽取出硫( 10 ppm)和氢( 1 ppm)。罐脱气之后，通过喂线形成CaS代替MnS，对钢进行强钙处理。钢中的非金属夹杂物和MnS中心偏析是导致HIC（氢致开裂）氢阱。因此这些钢要求优良的氧化物洁净度和 10 ppm的硫含量。 50 μm的的大型夹杂物对产品有害。很难检测到这些大型夹杂物。 15 μm的夹杂物对产品无害。非金属夹杂物的来源，简单地说，脱氧产物、再氧化产物与耐火材料和保护渣各占三分之一。主要通过敏感电子仪器避免钢包下渣。金属在钢包、中间包、结晶器之间传输的过程中，渣盖和钢水护板系统能有效避免再氧化。中包中控制钢水流动的系统和结晶器有利于钢流中夹杂物漂浮和均匀分布。 关键词：超低含量P、S、H；提取冶金；Ca处理；大包下渣控制；夹杂物的去除；检测系统 Non-metallic Inclusions in HSLA Steel – Origin, Detection and Refractory Systems to Improve Cleanness Abstract: HSLA steels need extremely low levels of tramp elements like P, S, H and Ot. During tapping the steel is de-oxidized with aluminum and in the secondary metallurgy sulphur ( 10 ppm) and hydrogen ( 1 ppm) are extracted. After tank degassing the steel is strongly Ca-treated by wire feeding to form CaS instead of MnS. Non-metallic inclusions in the steel and centre segregation with MnS are sinks for hydrogen which result in HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking). Therefore these steels ask for excellent oxide cleanness and S-contents of 10 ppm. Macro inclusions of 50 μm are harmful for the product. These large inclusions are seldom and difficult to be detected. Small inclusions of 15 μm do no harm to the product. The origin of non-metallic inclusions is, roughly spoken, one third each of de-oxidation- / re-oxidation products, refractory and casting powder. Slag carry-over is mainly avoided by sensitive electronic devices. Slag covers and shrouding systems of the steel stream during the transfer of metal between ladle, tundish and mold are effective to avoid reoxidation. Systems to control the flow of steel in tundish and mold favor the floatation of inclusions and their even distribution in the strand. Key words: Extra low contents of P, S and H. Extraction metallurgy, Ca-treatment, control of slag carry-over, shrouding, flow control, separation of inclusions, inspection systems. 高强度低合金钢主要用于大直径管线、近海设备和重型机械。它们对非金属夹杂物和中心偏析这样的内部缺陷非常敏感。如果要求酸性气体服务，